Posts in Category: Slug Science

Next Batch, Known Timepoint

Almost always, egg masses appear sometime after I leave at night and before I return the next morning.  I was lucky with this batch, because Mom seemed to be doing something on one of their favorite egg-deposition plants.

E. clarki laying eggs 11/12/14

E. clarki laying eggs 11/12/14

You should be able to see the egg mass underneath her as it is being deposited.  The eggs to the right are the remains of an earlier mass that should be close to hatching.

Next morning, there it was in all its glory.

Egg mass laid 11/12/14

Egg mass laid 11/12/14

It’s a good one to collect for timing of development.  So, here’s what they look like on day 1.  Balls of cells and yolk, as far as I can tell.

1 day-old embryos 11/13/14

1 day-old embryos 11/13/14

Sluglets have arrived!

I know you are still eagerly awaiting photos and videos of the developing embryos, but this is just too cool not to post immediately.  The eggs I collected October 25 (laid the 18th or 19th) started hatching this weekend.  I always thought veligers hovered about in a stately manner, but they really zoom around like radio-controlled helicopters.  The video below is pretty awful, but gives a sense of how they move.

Even more exciting is that some of them have settled,like this little one, who still has her shell.

settledveliger110614_46Veliger crawling on Bryopsis.

Veliger crawling on Bryopsis.

It gets even better. A few have shed their shells and started to crawl around.

Larva crawling in dish 11/6/14

Larva crawling in dish 11/6/14

There has certainly been a lot of mortality, and I am trying to figure out how to keep a large proportion of the veligers from getting stuck at the surface.  I have also learned that some of the predatory flatworms infesting the Bryopsis are very fast and eat veligers like candy. Little by little, we are figuring things out.

How to make a baby slug

As we start to figure out how to propagate these guys, I thought I’d share a little of the life cycle.

First, when two slugs love each other very much, they become very close.  Because they are hermaphrodites, anyone they meet is a possible partner.  Since fattening up on Bryopsis, they have been in the mood for love rather frequently.  Yes, there really are two slugs in this photo.

Slugs mating 10/30/14

Slugs mating 10/30/14

The next morning, there was a nice egg mass.  In fact, there were two, one on each side of the plant.

Egg mass collected 10/31/14

Egg mass collected 10/31/14

Since I knew within about 12 hours when the mass was laid, it seemed like a good idea to collect it and get a better sense of how long the eggs take to develop on the bookshelf.  Time permitting, I have been taking photos of the embryos during their development, and they should appear shortly.

Slug Science Moves Forward an Inch

In response to hounding from some of my students, I have been trying to move the science portion of the project forward.  That has required some hard thinking about the short-term goals of the project, and how to approach them.  For a project that involves neurobiology, the biggest gap is a dearth of information regarding the layout of the nervous system  Although there is some literature on Sacoglossan anatomy, the description of the nervous system stops at the circumesophageal nerve ring.  It is time to know more.

In order to understand the nervous system, we need to do some staining and microscopy.  That would be significantly easier if the animals could be observed in wholemount, rather than having to dissect or section them.  But the adults are too big!  Juveniles, however, would be perfect, but how to obtain them?

It took a little while, but it dawned on me that we could make juveniles.  The slugs are laying egg masses regularly, and they are developing perfectly well.  On top of that, the veligers are lecithotrophic and settle on Bryopsis in less than a week!  We just need to collect egg masses and grow them out in dishes, and then provide conditions for settling.

Egg mass in a dish: Check!

 

Egg mass laid 10/18/14 or  10/19/14

Egg mass laid 10/18/14 or 10/19/14

Incubator to maintain a constant temperature. Unfortunately, the one we have available does not like to hold 26 degrees C, so a bookshelf in the office will have to do.

Not very good incubator

Not very good incubator

The good news is that the embryos do not seem to mind the conditions in the office, and are developing nicely.  Photos and videos to follow.